Knowledge Enforcer

Next Generation Light...

OLED Illumination: The Basics

The term “OLED” is becoming an increasingly familiar sight. Its practical application in mobile phone displays has begun already, and it is being touted as the favorite to succeed LCD and plasma in next-generation slim TVs.

OLED is so revolutionary that in the field of illumination it is being hailed as “the first discovery since Edison.”

What is OLED?

OLED stands for Organic EL (Electro-Luminescence), and is the phenomenon of light emitted by organic materials to which a voltage has been applied. The molecular structure of organic materials has limitless combinations, each of which varies in its color and durability.

Research into causing organic materials to emit light electrically has been going on for more than 20 years, with the increased attention currently being paid to OLED signifying that at last researchers have begun to discover organic materials that possesses the light emission efficiency and durability suitable for use in illumination and displays.

Surface construction of OLED illumination

The construction of OLED consists of laminated organic thin films laid on top of a substrate. Put simply, it features a thin, simple construction where organic materials are sandwiched between two electrodes and laid on a glass or plastic substrate.

To be more specific, the organic device is normally constructed of three layers. An emissive layer is sandwiched between two transport layers that come into contact with the cathode and anode respectively. The function of the transport layers is to carry the electric charge smoothly from the respective electrodes to the emissive layer.

Light emission principle of OLED illumination

When a voltage is applied to OLED, the holes and the electrons are generated from each of the two electrodes, which have a positive and negative electric charge respectively. When they recombine in the emissive layer, organic materials make the emissive layer to turn into a high energy state termed “excitation”. The light is emitted when the layer returns to its original stability.

The combinations of molecular structure in organic materials are limitless. Within these limitless combinations, identifying organic materials that provide high efficiency and long life will determine its practical application.

Conceptual illustration of the flow of light emission

The flow of light emission can be illustrated by the concept of a person going down the big slide. The state of sitting on the top of the slide corresponds to excitation, and the act of sliding down corresponds to light emission. To emit light continuously for 10,000 hours means that the organic material of the emissive layer repeats this act without interruption over several hundred million of times.

Using a phosphorescent substance with high light emission efficiency to artificially synthesize organic materials that can withstand a billion repetitions of light emission, Konica Minolta has succeeded in developing OLED that possesses light emission efficiency and long life on a par with fluorescent lamps.

Check out : http://www.konicaminolta.com/about/research/oled/about/index.html

ICT and Science 3

The Use of Powerpoint

It is extremly useful in using powerpoint or keynotes like programs to teach and present projects. This is a very powerful and interactive program that allow the learners to look things in a more motivated and interesting ways. In Science, it is not always easy or available to get hold of some materials such as hearts, uranium, virus cells and others to show or teach students using them. With powerpoint like program, teachers can prehand prepare the slide and using the internet, search for the relevent materials, pictures, video and information about the topic needed to teach. the Program also allow interesting and creative animation and with the use of colours, shapes, pictures and many others, it can capture the student's attention and interest much more that ordinary normally done traditional teaching.

Knowledge Enforcer

There will be an weekly update of latest information regarding to Science, Astronomy and Technology around the World.

ScienceDaily (Oct. 26, 2011) — Astronomers have accurately measured the diameter of the faraway dwarf planet Eris for the first time by catching it as it passed in front of a faint star. This event was seen at the end of 2010 by telescopes in Chile, including the Belgian TRAPPIST telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory. The observations show that Eris is an almost perfect twin of Pluto in size. Eris appears to have a very reflective surface, suggesting that it is uniformly covered in a thin layer of ice, probably a frozen atmosphere. The results will be published in the 27 October 2011 issue of the journal Nature.

(Thought Pluto is not a planet anymore... It is not. But we manage to find it's 'Twin')
Read more at : http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111026143805.htm

ICT and Science 2

One of the obvious things in using ICT in education (Science) is the equipment. Another word hardware and software. Without the equipment, there is no chance of using ICT in teaching and learning. Laptops, software, projector, interactive white board are all the basic necessarily for the implement of ICT in Science class. The problems is budget constrain in many places and the lack of maintenance that make introducing or continuing of ICT in the class.  

ICT and Science

Science, had been around for centuries. People had been using science to explain things around them, improving their daily life, cure diseases, make new materials and many more. Because of this, science become an important topic in the education system. With the constant development of technology, education also changes with the flow. today, almost every subject is taught with the help and assist by ICT (Information Communication Technology)
ICT does not replace teachers but just mere helping them to better in teaching students. ICT is the use of current modern technology such as visual and audio, internet and more modern equipment to help in learning,